Dab tsi yog daim ntawv thov kev txhim kho ntawm quantum dots hauv photoluminescence thiab electroluminescence?
Sep 14, 2021
Ua raws li kev tshawb pom ntawm ntau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev tshiab ntawm semiconductor nanocrystals [1-5], ntau qhov muaj peev xwm thov siv quantum dots (QD) tau pom. Vim yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm quantum thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm quantum, semiconductor quantum dots muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nthuav dav dav dav, nqaim ib nrab tus nqi dav, kho lub nthwv dej thiab kev daws teeb meem, thiab lwm yam, uas tau txais kev mloog zoo [6-9]. Tom qab ntau dua 30 xyoo ntawm kev txhim kho, cov ntaub ntawv quantum dot tau ua tiav&"; ntsuab kev sib xyaw ua ke &";, thiab lawv cov kev ua tau zoo zuj zus, ua kom tsim khoom thiab muab khoom lag luam tsim khoom. Tam sim no, cov cuab yeej photoluminescent rau kev lag luam tau tsim, thiab cov khoom siv no tau siv hauv teeb pom kev zoo LED. Thiab tso saib teb [10-12]. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov zaub, cov lej quantum xws li cdse muaj cov kab nqaim dav dav, ua kom muaj xim zoo, thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj xim rov muaj peev xwm rau cov khoom, uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 120% ntawm ntsc xim gamut [13,14], ua rau TV feem ntau hauv ntiaj teb Nrhiav tom qab los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov muag khoom lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Txij li thaum SONY tso tawm thawj quantum dot TV hauv 2013, cov tuam txhab xws li TCL, Samsung, LG thiab Nanojing Technology tau tshaj tawm ntau yam khoom quantum dot, suav nrog ntau yam xws li TVs, xov tooj ntawm tes, thiab khoos phis tawj saib [15,16]. Nyob rau xyoo 2018 CES kev nthuav tawm hauv Tebchaws Meskas, TCL, Hisense thiab lwm lub tuam txhab thawb rau quantum dot zaub thev naus laus zis, uas yuav muaj tseeb txhawb kev txhim kho ntxiv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm quantum dot zaub. Nws tau kwv yees tias xyoo 2025, quantum dot qhia tau tuaj yeem nyob ntau dua 30% ntawm kev ua lag luam [17].
Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tsom mus rau daim ntawv thov quantum dots rau photoluminescence thiab kev siv electroluminescence hauv cov xim muaj xim zoo thiab teeb pom kev zoo. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm quantum dots tau nkag mus rau theem ntawm kev thov kev lag luam los ntawm kev pib pom kev zoo rau hnub no' s photoluminescence siab xim gamut zaub teeb pom kev zoo. Hauv theem tom ntej, nws tuaj yeem xav tias qhov txo qis hauv tus nqi ntawm quantum dots, kev sib sau ua ke loj, thiab kev siv zog los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom xws li QD Vision, Samsung, thiab LG hauv quantum dot electroluminescence, yuav txhawb nqa ntxiv loj-cheeb tsam hluav taws xob ntawm quantum dots. Kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
2. Colloidal quantum dots
Colloidal quantum dots feem ntau xa mus rau nano-qhov loj me me muaju sib xyaw ua ke thiab ua tiav hauv kev daws teeb meem [18], uas tuaj yeem sib faib sib luag hauv kev daws teeb meem. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov quantum dots tau npog nrog txheej txheej ntawm cov organic ligands, thiab ligands txuas nrog los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Mus rau saum npoo ntawm quantum dot. Cov quantum dots feem ntau yog semiconductor nanoparticles uas muaj II-VII pawg (cdse, cds, Znse, cds, Pbs, Pbse), III-VI group (InP, InAs) lossis I-III-VII group (cuIns2, AgIns2). Los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntsiab lus sib txawv thiab ligands hauv kev sib sau ua ke, quantum dots nrog cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov yam ntxwv tuaj yeem tau txais [19,20].
Vim yog qhov cuam tshuam loj ntawm quantum thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm quantum, los ntawm kev kho qhov loj ntawm qhov npaj ua cov quantum dots, cov spectrum tuaj yeem npog tag nrho cov nthwv dej ntawm xiav mus rau ze-infrared [21-23]. Piv txwv li, cadmium selenide quantum dots, thaum cov khoom siv hluavtaws loj nce los ntawm 2nm txog 8nm, nyob rau hauv ultraviolet teeb, nws cov xim tuaj yeem hloov ntawm xiav mus rau liab [24]. Tam sim no, cadmium-based quantum dots tau ua pov thawj kom muaj kev ua tau zoo [25], thiab quantum dots muaj li ntawm cadmium, zinc, selenium, sulfur thiab lwm yam tau nkag mus rau theem thov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cadmium-free quantum dots xws li InP [26] kuj tseem tab tom tshawb fawb qhov kev nce qib; perovskite quantum dots tseem yog qhov kev tshawb fawb nrov, tab sis kev ruaj ntseg ntawm perovskite quantum dots tseem yog teeb meem. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tsom mus rau colloidal semiconductor quantum dots.
2.1. Kev txhim kho ntawm quantum dot synthesis
Kev sib sau ua ke ntawm quantum dots tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho ntawm quantum dots. Tsuas yog ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha quantum dots tuaj yeem tau txais los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam. Raws li cov txheej txheem sib sau ua ke ntawm quantum dots, nws tau muab faib ua cov dej theem thiab cov txheej txheem roj theem, tab sis kev ruaj ntseg ntawm quantum dots ua ke nyob rau theem dej tsis zoo, cov txiaj ntsig quantum tau qis, qhov faib loj yog dav, thiab nws yog yooj yim mus rau agglomerate thiab nag lossis daus, thiab tau maj mam tshem tawm [27]. Hauv cov txheej txheem roj, feem ntau suav nrog hauv cov organic ua kom kub lub ntsiab lus hnyav ntawm qhov kub ntawm 120-360 ° C, tus txheej txheem ua ntej ua rau lub nuclei ntawm quantum dots thiab nres kev loj hlob tom qab txias [25,28,29]. Xyoo 2001, Peng [29] thiab lwm tus tau ua tiav npaj tau zoo cdse, cds, thiab cdte quantum dots siv cadmium oxide, uas muaj tshuaj lom tsawg thiab ua kom muaj zog. Tom qab ntawd xyoo 2002, cov txheej txheem tsis ua haujlwm hnyav [30] tau thov, uas tam sim no yog qhov siv ntau tshaj plaws. Cov txheej txheem octadecene dav, qhov qis-yaj, ua kom kub npau, ua tiav npaj cds quantum dots hauv Ar cua. Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw no tsis tas yuav tsum tau rov ua dua hauv ib puag ncig tsis muaj dej, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov pob zeb siv lead ua tau yooj yim los tswj, kev sim ua kom rov ua dua tshiab yog qhov zoo, txheej txheem npaj tau yooj yim, thiab nws yog lub npe hu ua [ GG] quot; txoj kab ke ntsuab ntsuab" Tam sim no nws yog kev kawm thiab kev lag luam Lawv txhua tus tau sib sau ua ke siv txoj hauv kev no.
Hauv 10 xyoo dhau los, cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tseem tau txhim kho. Txoj hauv kev no tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov nanocrystals ntawm qhov loj thiab muaj kev tswj hwm lub cev thiab tshuaj muaj zog zoo. Vim yog qhov nce hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj reactor, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov sensors uas tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag hauv txhua cov txheej txheem txheej txheem thiab kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov txheej txheem los ua kom cov zis tau ua qhov kev txhim kho no ua tau [31,32]. Nanocrystalline colloids tau ua tiav kev sib sau ua ke hauv microreactors, xws li cdte, cdse, InP [33,34], thiab txawm tias cdse/Zns thiab Znse/Zns core/plhaub quantum dots [35]. Txawm hais tias tus txheej txheem microreactor tuaj yeem hloov pauv kev sib sau ua ke, xav tau kev txhim kho ntxiv los ua ke nanocrystals nrog ntau qhov sib xyaw ua ke, duab, thiab tswj tau cov khoom fluorescence.
