Ntau Qhov Tseem Ceeb thiab Cov Ntsuas Kub ntawm Microwave Tshaj Tawm hauv Microwave Optoelectronics

Microwave optoelectronics, raws li nws lub npe pom zoo, yog ib qho kev qhuab ntuas ntawm microwave thiab optoelectronics. Ob lub microwaves thiab lub teeb tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws, thiab lawv cov frequencies muaj ntau yam kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov sib txawv. Cov cheebtsam thiab cov qauv tsim nyob rau hauv lawv cov teb yog txawv. Kev sib koom tes thiab kev kawm los ntawm ib leeg lub peev xwm muaj peev xwm txhawb tau cov ntawv thov tshiab thiab cov yam ntxwv uas nyuaj rau [1,2,3].

Optical kev sib txuas lus yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm microwave thiab optoelectronics. Cov xov tooj hluav taws xob thaum siv xov tooj sib txuas lus, kev qhia teeb tsa, kev sib txuas lus thiab kev txais tos yog txhua lub tshuab siv microwave. Tsis tshua muaj pes tsawg zaus electromagnetic tsis siv thaum xub thawj, vim hais tias qhov ntau yam tsawg tsawg, thiab cov channel channel muaj peev xwm tsawg. Txoj kev daws teeb meem yog los nce lub zaus ntawm cov teeb liab. Qhov ntau dua tus zaus, qhov ntau dua spectral. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov paib ntau tshaj plaws muaj cov pa luamyeeb loj hauv huab cua thiab tau yooj yim obstacles. Yog tias koj siv kev kis kab mob sib kis, qhov poob ntawm lub cable loj loj, thiab kev kis ntev-ntev yog qhov teeb meem. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau tau daws cov teeb meem no. Optical fiber ntau kis tsis tau yog tsawg heev, nws yog ib qho zoo heev cov cab kuj rau kev xa xov tawm ntev ntev. Qhov ntau yam ntawm lub teeb tsis tshee muaj ntau tshaj li microwaves, thiab ntau ntau txoj kev tuaj yeem kis tau tib lub sijhawm. Vim tias qhov zoo ntawm kev sib kis tau kho qhov muag, qhov kev sib txuas ntawm fiber ntau ntawm optical tau dhau los ua tus qaum ntawm cov lus tshaj tawm niaj hnub no.

Optical kev sib txuas lus muaj keeb kwm ntev, kev tshawb nrhiav thiab daim ntawv thov yog heev ntau thiab paub tab, Kuv yuav tsis hais ntxiv ntawm no. Ntawm no kuv tsuas xav los ua kom paub cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb ntawm lwm qhov tawm microwave optoelectronics uas tsis yog kev sib txuas lus hauv xyoo tas los. Microwave optoelectronics yog los ntawm kev siv thiab cov tswv yim hauv thaj tsam ntawm optoelectronics los txhim kho thiab paub txog cov kev ua tau zoo thiab cov kev siv uas nyuaj rau kev ua tiav nrog cov tsoos microwave hauv cov khoom. Los ntawm daim ntawv thov kev pom, nws tsuas yog muaj peb yam hauv qab no.

Ua ntej, kev siv optoelectronics los tsim cov kev ua tau zoo, lub suab qis microwave, los ntawm X-band mus rau THz band.

Qhov thib ob, kev ua cov cim microwave. Xws li qeeb, kev lim dej, kev hloov ntau zaus, txais thiab ua li ntawd.

Qhov thib peb, kev sib tsoo ntawm kev sib tsoo.

Tsab ntawv no tsuas yog qhia txog thawj tshooj ntawm tsab xov xwm, lub cim ntawm microwave pib ntsais koj teeb. Cov tsoos microwave millimeter yoj yog tsim los ntawm iii_V microelectronic components [4]. Nws cov kev txwv yog cov hauv qab no: Ua ntej, mus rau high frequencies xws li 100 GHz los yog ntau dua, cov khoom me me uas ua rau me dua tuaj yeem ua zog tsawg dua, thiab mus rau ntau dua cov teeb liab, lawv tsis muaj zog. Thib ob, kom txo tau cov suab nrov theem thiab txhim kho qhov kev ruaj ntseg zoo, qhov cuab yeej tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw muaj kev nkag mus. Qhov peb, nws yog qhov nyuaj ua kom cuag tau ntau hom FM zaus hloov dua siab tshiab. Yuav kom daws tau cov teeb meem no, optoelectronics siv tshuab tau qhia nws tus kheej xwb. Nov yog qee txoj kev loj tshaj.

1. Los ntawm kev siv qhov sib txawv zaus ntawm ob qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov teeb meem laser, ib tug photodetector high-frequency converts los ua lub teeb meem microwave [5, 6], raws li muaj nyob hauv daim duab. 1.

Daim duab 1. Daim duab qauv ntawm ob lub laser sib txawv ntau zaus microwave tiam.

Qhov zoo ntawm qhov no yog qhov uas nws muaj ib cov qauv yooj yim thiab muaj peev xwm tsim cov teeb meem ntawm kev kub ntxhov, millimeter yoj thiab txawm Thz zaus. Ntxiv mus, los ntawm kev kho lub zaus ntawm lub laser, muaj ntau hom kev hloov ceev ceev ceev thiab kev ua sweeping ntau tau. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov dav dav los yog theem suab nrov ntawm qhov sib txawv qhov teeb meem uas ua los ntawm ob qho teeb meem laser teeb liab yog tus loj, thiab qhov tsis txaus siab tsis siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog siv qhov me me (tiam sis qhov loj tshaj (~ MHz) semiconductor laser. . Yog tias qhov system qhov nyhav thiab qhov ntim tau siab tsis siab, lub suab qis (~ kHz) laser, lub laser fiber [7,8], sab nraud qhov kabmob semiconductor laser [9], thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob hom sib txawv ntawm laser teeb liab tau tsim hauv tib lub laser kab noj hniav kuj siv tau los ua kom muaj qhov sib txawv zaus, thiaj li ua rau microwave resulting stability yuav ua tau zoo heev lawm [10-12].

2. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem uas ob lub lasers nyob rau hauv yav dhau los txoj kev tsis muaj thiab lub suab nrov ntawm cov teeb meem generated ntawm lub cev loj heev, kev txhaj tshuaj rau kev siv tshuaj lossis kev tawm tswv yim tsis zoo los xij yuav siv tau kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm ob tug lasers [13]. Daim duab 2 qhia tau hais tias siv lub npe ntawm kev hno hnyav ntau zaus ntau zaus microwave tiam (Daim 2). Los ntawm kev ncaj qha hno lub teeb tawm high-zaus tam sim no mus rau lub laser semiconductor, los yog siv lub tshuab Modulator LiNbO3, ntau ntau qhov kev kho qhov muag uas muaj cov sib txawv ntawm cov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv sib npaug yuav ua tau tawm, los yog ib qho kev pom zoo zaus zuag. Ntawm chav kawm, feem ntau siv txoj kev los mus ua kom tau txais qhov dav spectrograph optical zaus comb yog siv hom laser hom [14]. Txhua ob lub vas tawm ntawm cov lus optical zaus comb yog xaiv los ntawm lim thiab txhaj rau hauv cov lasers 1 thiab 2 ntsig txog cov xauv lub ntsuas phoo. Vim tias theem ntawm qhov sib txawv zis ntawm qhov sib txuas zis zis kuj ruaj khov, ib theem ruaj khov ntawm ob lub lasers tau txais, thiab qhov zaus ntawm tus zauv rov qab tuaj yeem tau los ntawm txoj kev sib txawv zaus raws li tau piav saum toj no. Ntau lub microwave teeb liab ntau zaus.

Daim duab 2. Daim duab ntawm daim qauv hnoos thawm xyoo ntawm lub cim microwave ntau zaus.

Lwm txoj kev los txo cov suab paj nruag theem ntawm ob lub lasers yog siv lub tswv yim tsis zoo rau qhov ntsuas xauv, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 3.

Daim duab 3. Optical PLL schematic.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kho qhov muag xauv ib lub voj voog yog zoo li cov xauv ntawm lub voj voog nyob hauv kev siv hluav taws xob [15,16,17]. Qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub lasers yog hloov mus rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob lub teeb tsa los ntawm ib tug photodetector (sib nug xov mus rau ib lub sijhawm ntes), thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub lasers yog tau los ntawm qhov sib txawv zaus nrog qhov siv cov microwave teeb liab qhov chaw, thiab cov lus xa rov qab mus rau ob lub lasers tom qab kev sib tw thiab kev lim dej. Lub laser zaus tswj kev tswj (kev txhaj tshuaj tam sim no rau cov xov tooj hluav taws xob). Nrog xws li tsis zoo tswv yim voj, qhov sib nrig sib txig ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm ob lub laser yog xauv nrog qhov siv cov microwave teeb liab. Cov teeb meem siv coj los siv ua ke ces yuav kis tau los ntawm kev siv fais fab rau ib lub photodetector sim lwm qhov thiab hloov mus rau lub teeb liab microwave. Lub suab nrov ntawm lub microwave teeb liab li cas ces yuav luag tib yam li lub suab nrov ntawm cov teeb liab siv nyob rau hauv bandwidth ntawm theem-ntsuas tsis zoo tswv yim. Theem suab sab nraud ntawm qhov bandwidth yog sib npaug rau cov suab paj nruag theem ntawm tus thawj ob qho tsis muaj lasers.

Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev siv microwave qhov chaw los kuj tseem yog lwm qhov teebmeem uas tau ua los ntawm kev hloov dua siab tshiab, digital zaus, lossis lwm yam kev hloov tawm, kom lub microwave teeb liab qis dua tuaj yeem hloov ntau zaus lossis hloov mus rau qhov siab. Xov tooj cua zaus, Cov teeb liab thiab lwm yam.

Muab piv txwv nrog kev txhaj tshuaj rau ntau zaus, uas tsuas pub tau qhov sib npaug ntawm kev sib dhos, cov looj xauv phaj ntau dua, muaj peev xwm tsim tau txhua zaus, thiab qhov tseeb, ntau dua. Piv txwv, hauv daim duab. 2, theem hloov los ntawm ib qho optoelectronic modulator, lossis ib qho kev kho zuam txuas ntawm ib lub laser pulsed li lub teeb pom kev zoo, qhov kho qhov muag-xauv xauv yog siv los xaiv xauv ob lub lasers mus rau ob qhov kev kho qhov muag ntawm qhov ncauj muag. Ua kom muaj kev tawm dag zog ntau tshaj qhov sib txawv, raws li pom hauv daim duab 4. F1 thiab F2 yog cov cim qhov sib txuas ntawm ob theem ntsuas phom, thiab lub microwave teeb liab ntawm N * frep + f1 + f2 tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub lasers.

Daim duab 4. Ua ib daim duab cim qis dua uas siv optical combs thiab kho qhov muag PLLs.

3. Siv lub laser pulsed hom teeb meem, qhov teeb meem kho qhov muag tau hloov mus rau lub teeb liab microwave los ntawm ib tug photodetector [18-20].

Qhov tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm no txoj kev yog tias lub teeb liab nrog kev ruaj ntseg zoo heev thiab tsis tshua muaj neeg tsis tshua muaj pa suab tau. Los ntawm kaw lub zaus ntawm lub laser mus rau ib qho chaw ruaj khov ntau atomic molecular hloov spectrum, los yog ib qho chaw ruaj khov kho tsis tau zoo heev, thiab siv tus kheej-multiplex zaus kom tshem tawm qhov kev hloov zog, etc., optical pulse Pib ntsais koj teeb nrog zaus ruaj khov repetition frequencies yuav tau. Ultra-low theem suab nrov microwave teeb liab [21-23]. Raws li qhia hauv daim duab 5.

Daim duab 5. Kev sib piv ntawm cov suab sib luag ntawm cov suab sib txawv. Tshaj tawm ntawm kev siv [21]

Txawm li cas los xij, vim hais tias ntau zaus ntawm lub plhaub rov qab los ntawm cov kabmob qhov ntev ntawm lub laser, thaum lub teeb pom kev zoo xauv laser muaj lub ntim loj, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau qhov tau txais cov microwave high-frequency signals. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov laser tsoos tsom iav, qhov hnyav thiab lub zog noj, nrog rau cov kev cai hnyav ntawm ib puag ncig tau txwv tsis pub lawv siv feem ntau hauv txoj kev sim. Yuav kom kov yeej cov teeb meem no, qhov kev tshawb fawb tshaj plaws hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelamas siv cov teebmeem uas tsis yog siv los ua kom muaj qhov sib txuas ntawm cov khoom ua si uas muaj suab nrov, uas muaj kabmob ua kom muaj kabmob, muaj suab nrov microwave. -29].